What radiators to put on the central heating

Good batteries are a guarantee of quality heating.

To choose which radiators are better to put in the apartment is necessary based on the type of heating system. In central networks, only radiators with sufficient operating pressure can be used. In such circuits, the pressure of the coolant is at least 6 atmospheres, in addition, checks are carried out every season. Test pressure is twice the working pressure, so the heat exchanger must be very reliable.

Features of the central heating system:

• coolant is of very low quality. a lot of dirt, increased pH level;
• High pressure. 6-8 atm, sometimes more;
• High temperature of the coolant: the coolant comes out of the boiler room with a temperature of over 100 degrees;
• noisiness. all the sounds of beats instantly spread throughout the circuit.

The problem of noisiness completely disappears only when the heating distribution through the apartment will be made of polymer pipes. But even then, sounds will be heard in the riser, because it is steel in any case.

Pyrolysis furnaces for heating a private home on a single load work longer than conventional. At the same time they have a higher efficiency.

Here you can see a plan of the house with furnace heating and water loop.

Steel. low operating pressure is not suitable

To choose which radiators it is better to put in an apartment we will begin with the steel panel radiators, as it is the most common option in the budget segment. There are also tubular radiators. Unfortunately, in central systems, both types of heat exchangers are not put, too low operating pressure. Maximum they can withstand is a constant load of 10 atmospheres and not all manufacturers.

Determine what steel batteries are better to put in the apartment you can use the following parameters:

The more tubes inside the radiator, through which the coolant circulates, the better it is, and therefore more expensive. The heat output of the unit directly depends on it.

Steel heat exchangers are marked with two numbers. The first number is the number of panels. Panel. a sheet of steel, welded to the front and back side, can also be as a layer in the radiators type 3/3. There are heaters with no panels at all, they show fins (inset). The second digit of the marking means the number of inserts. it is a zigzag bent sheet of steel of a certain width, equal to the width of the entire radiator. There can be from one to three inserts.

Deciding which radiators to place in the apartment you need to consider the total heat capacity of the heat exchanger. This value can be found in the product data sheet. Other parameters are specified there as well, among which the maximum temperature of the heat carrier is 100 degrees. obviously not enough for central heating. Service life is only 10-15 years.

Aluminum. suitable

Now let’s see what to choose batteries for the apartment among aluminum heat exchangers. They can be fully used in central heating systems, since the maximum continuous pressure of some manufacturers reaches 24 atmospheres, and the test pressure is 35 atmospheres. For example, Thermal radiators made in Russia.

In general, the working pressure of the battery will be 16 or 20 atmospheres, and checking 24 or 30 atmospheres respectively. They can withstand temperatures up to 135 degrees, so they fit in all parameters.

Definitely answer the question of which battery is better for apartments cast or extruded is impossible. Cast is more beautiful, but in terms of characteristics there is no difference. The extrusion ones are cheaper.

In Russia, aluminum radiators are mainly produced by the extrusion method, yet they are reliable and durable. Only a guarantee of 10 years and a lifetime of at least 25 years.

Such radiators perfectly conduct heat, so they heat the room quickly. Their only disadvantage is the low resistance to mechanical stress. That is, a moderate shock can damage the battery. In addition, in the system sometimes there are water hammer that can split even a cast-iron battery, not to mention the aluminum one.

Popular domestic manufacturers: Rifar (from 580 /sec.), VitaTherm (from 300 /sec.), Termal (from 400 / sec), Rifle (from 400 / sec), Rifle 2.). The most popular among foreign analogues are italian batteries: Fondital, Calgoni, Global, Ferolli, Sira. no lower than 650 /sec.

Bimetallic. the best solution

Steel tubes aluminum fins.

We have already told in one article about the radiators in the apartment, which is better bimetallic or aluminum. The conclusion is as follows. for a central system is better than the bimetallic radiator no options.

The feature of such heat exchanger is that the tubes through which the coolant flows are made of one metal, and the fins are made of another. The strong qualities of the two metals can thus be combined in one product. Bimetallic radiators come in two types:

Copper-aluminum radiators have a high thermal capacity, while their operating pressure is the same as that of aluminum radiators at about 15 atmospheres. There are wall-mounted models and those that are laid in the floor. The axial spacing of the wall radiators can be from 15 to 200 cm. The most common brands: Regullus, Sollarius, Inside.

Radiators with steel tubes and aluminum fins are more common, they are what is meant when they talk about bimetallic radiators. Tubes are securely welded between each other, so the heat exchanger can safely withstand operating pressure up to 35 atmospheres. Thanks to the high thermal conductivity of aluminum, the radiator heats well. Popular brands in Russia are Royal Thermo and Rifar.

Today, heating the house with electricity remains the most expensive method of heating. To reduce costs it is necessary to install a dual-rate meter.

The new method of air heating of a private home according to the reviews has a number of disadvantages. Details here.

Cast iron radiators

Old cast iron batteries have outlived their usefulness, they are disposed of at the first opportunity. Nevertheless, they are still common. Except for the fact that radiators are ugly and heavy, they have no particular disadvantages. The fact that cast iron takes a long time to heat up does not matter for central heating. But they work with any quality and temperature of heat transfer medium. Today they make vintage radiators of cast iron with a pattern and legs. It is already only a heating device, but a decoration.

Choice of radiators in an apartment with central heating

The predominant part of apartment buildings in Russia is connected to the central heating system. Such networks originally assume the installation of standard cast iron radiators. The choice of cast iron for the manufacture of heating devices was due to its resistance to water, strength and durability. Modern technology has made it possible to use batteries made of other materials in heating systems. They have a more attractive appearance and are affordable.

At the same time, their performance and technical parameters do not always allow the use of such radiators in an ordinary city apartment.

Types of radiators

Depending on the material of manufacture, radiators are divided into five types:

When choosing, you need to consider the technical characteristics, the quality of the device and its compliance with the conditions of the central heating.

Cast iron radiators

Modern radiators made of cast iron. spectacular and stylish products that have retained the technical characteristics of their predecessors. Radiators are ideal for functioning in the conditions of the central heating system.

The advantages of cast iron heating devices:

• Metal conducts heat well: it takes a long time to heat up and cool down. After the heating is turned off, the radiator continues to radiate heat. Heats the apartment for a certain period of time. 30% more than other types of radiators.
• Robust walls can withstand differential pressure in the system and are not afraid of water hammer up to 16 bar.
• Batteries can be connected to any kind of pipes.
• Resistant to corrosion and to aggressive substances in water.
• Variety of shapes and sizes of products. Can be hung on the wall or placed on feet.
• Additional sections can be added if needed.
• Easy installation.
• Affordable price.

Water can leak between the sections of cast iron radiators due to the wear of gaskets. Not difficult to fix, since the product can be disassembled in sections.

Aluminum radiators

Compact aluminum batteries fit well into any apartment interior. Various sizes allow the radiators to be located in a comfortable place. Devices are very popular due to the good heat emission.

Little suitable for operation in conditions of a central heating system in terms of technical characteristics. Service life is up to 25 years, but in fact in apartment buildings such batteries can last 6-7 years. This is due to the fact that the water in the heating system is of poor quality, which leads to corrosion of the metal.

Depending on the technology of manufacture, products are divided into three types:

• Anodized. metal is subjected to thorough cleaning, the surface is covered with an oxide film. Such batteries are less susceptible to corrosion. The cost is much higher than conventional aluminum devices;
• Die cast. products are made from a mixture of aluminum and silicon. In the material of cheap batteries there is a low quality alloy, which affects the service life of the product. If the correct technology is followed. the batteries meet the established standards. This kind of aluminum radiators is the most in demand;
• extrusion. products are extruded on an extruder and connected to the manifolds with the help of a press. The difference from the cast. the presence of seams on the inner side edges of the battery. Such products have a higher probability of leakage. Often the radiator is passed off as a product cast under pressure.

When choosing aluminum radiators, it is necessary to consider the advantages and disadvantages of devices.

Pros

The main positive qualities of the radiator made of aluminum

• high heat output;
• suitable for use in standalone heating conditions;
• compact size and low weight;
• ease of installation;
• various sizes.

In apartments it is recommended to use plastic pipes when installing aluminum radiators.

Minuses

• high requirements for water hardness in the heating system (Ph 5-6 units);
• When interacting with fittings and pipes made of copper, steel or brass, corrosion is formed on the radiator;
• withstands a maximum temperature of 70-80 degrees;
• Low resistance to pressure drop (up to 12 bar), to water hammer.

When installing a radiator in apartments with central heating, experts recommend installing a conical stop valve on the pipes, to block the flow of water if necessary.

Aluminum radiators are not very suitable for rooms with a central heating system. When choosing this type of radiators in the apartment, it is better to buy products made of anodized aluminum.They are the most resistant to harmful substances in the heat carrier.

Devices are suitable for private or country houses with autonomous heating system, in which you can regulate the temperature and pressure.

Steel radiators

Steel radiators are in second place in popularity after the cast-iron radiators. The range of products is diverse, the main difference. the manufacturer and the type of connection.

It is not necessary to focus on a promoted brand, it is necessary to compare the technical characteristics when choosing. In less popular firms products may not differ in the main parameters.

Connection type can be: bottom, side and diagonal. It is necessary to choose a device that is suitable for connection to your heating system.

Radiators are of two main types: panel and tubular.

Steel panel radiators

Panel radiators are one, two or three steel plates, which have a ribbed shape. the device can be equipped with a convective grating. The device has two or three such grids, inside which the coolant circulates. In its absence, the heat output of the steel radiator will be lower. The plates are connected to each other by means of spot welding.

Advantages

The main advantages of panel radiators:

• Fast heating of the products and good heat output;
• surface is treated with a paint that protects against various types of damage;
• choice of appropriate size and number of convection grids;
• withstand a high temperature of the heat-carrier. up to 100-110 degrees.

When buying a radiator check the uniformity of paint application. On poorly painted areas there is a risk of corrosion.

Disadvantages

• high power consumption when used in stand-alone heating conditions. The battery holds a small amount of water, due to which the boiler needs to turn on frequently;
• Do not withstand water hammer;
• The inner surface is exposed to the aggressive influence of water (hardness not higher than HP 3-9.5 units);
• High weight of three-panel radiators with three convective grids. The thickness of the products can be up to 160 mm.

The walls of steel panels are thin, so they can not withstand water hammer. If in your heating system there is a crackling and extraneous sounds, it is better not to buy this type of radiators.

Tubular steel radiators

Pipe radiators are sections in the form of pipes, which in appearance resemble heating devices made of cast iron. The product is sold as fully assembled, additional sections cannot be added. Therefore, it is important to correctly calculate their number and power to heat the room. The number of pipes can be from two to six. Products can reach up to three meters in height.

Models can be chosen according to the design of the room and placed in a convenient location: on the wall or on the floor, in a vertical or horizontal position, semi-circle and in a corner.

Vertical radiators are available in four forms:

• in the form of columns. pipes of the same size;
• in the form of segments. sections of the same diameter;
• radius ones. they resemble a semicircle;
• diagonal. tubes of different sizes, with a smooth decrease in length diagonally to either side.

Original shapes of products will suit individual interiors of private houses and cottages.

Pros of

• tightly welded sections eliminate the possibility of leakage;
• resistance to aggressive substances in the heat transfer medium and to corrosion;
• various shapes and sizes.

In houses with central heating system it is recommended to install a reducer to protect batteries from water hammer when installing radiators.

Minuses

• there is no possibility of adding additional sections in case of insufficient heating;
• Low working pressure of 8-10 bar;
• average degree of heat transfer;
• high cost.

Tubular radiators are not recommended for installation in apartments with central heating. Most often they are used in cottages and houses with several floors, offices, stores. Such batteries retain their performance qualities when working in stand-alone heating conditions.

Bimetallic radiators

The best solution for an apartment house with central heating is to install a bimetallic radiator. The heating device is made of two metals: aluminum and steel, less often of copper and steel.

The production process consists of three parts:

• welding of the steel core. The product is made without a single seam, to avoid leakage of the coolant and its ingress into the aluminum;
• the billet is cast with an aluminum-silicon alloy (12%) in a special mold;
• Finished radiator painting in two stages: in an anaphoresis bath, then powder enamel coating.

This technology makes the product tough and prevents corrosion.

Bimetallic radiators from aluminum batteries got small weight and compactness, from steel. elimination of leaks and rust formation.

Copper-aluminum radiators are undivided construction, inside of which there is a copper coil. Outer layer. aluminum plates, secured with a special press. Body heats up to a maximum of 43 degrees, which ensures the safety of its use. The copper tube is soldered in such a way that it excludes the possibility of leaks.

Radiator, made of copper and aluminum, is suitable for heating systems, in which the coolant is added antifreeze. Copper tube is resistant to the aggressive effects of the substance.

Bimetallic radiators can be of two types:

• Monolithic. inner collector welded as a single product. In case of insufficient heating of the room it is impossible to add additional sections. Service life. up to 50 years. The level of operating pressure. up to 100 bar.
• Sectional. the radiator is made up of individual sections. Service life. up to 25 years. The level of operating pressure. up to 35 bar.

Heat output of both types is at the same level. the cost of monolithic products is higher. Such batteries are recommended for installation in apartments of multi-storey buildings (10 floors and above).

Advantages

The main advantages of bimetallic batteries:

• compact size and light weight;
• The use of any coolant in the heating system;
• high level of heat transfer
• the strength of the equipment;
• Corrosion resistance due to the steel core;
• uncomplicated installation;
• suitable for residential premises with any type of heating system;
• Can withstand water hammer;
• for circulation requires a little water.

REFERENCE. Due to the high cost of the devices, it is unprofitable to buy a radiator for heating suburban and private houses. Individual heating system allows you to control the pressure and quality of the coolant, so it is better to install steel or aluminum batteries.

Cons

The disadvantages of bimetallic radiators can include a high cost. On the other hand, a quality product cannot be cheap. Therefore, when buying a radiator for a low price it is necessary to carefully read all the technical characteristics, so as not to confuse it with a semi-metal or aluminum radiator.

How to choose a bimetallic radiator

On the right choice of the radiator depends on its lifetime and the quality of room heating. To install it in the apartment you need to take into account the following parameters.

Number of sections in the radiator

The number of sections in the battery determines how warm and comfortable the room will be. When buying it is necessary to correctly calculate the capacity of sections and their number. For this you need to take into account:

• The minimum temperature of the water in the heating system;
• The area of the room and the height of the ceilings;
• heat loss: the number and quality of windows, the location of the rooms. corner or central;
• climatic conditions in the place of residence.

To heat ten square meters in an average strip conditions will need a battery of ten sections.

Technical characteristics

It is necessary to carefully read the product data sheet. Pay attention to the wall thickness. Some manufacturers reduce the thickness to reduce production costs, which negatively affects the life of the radiator.

Check that the maximum pressure indicated in the passport is not less than the working pressure in the system.

Type of coating

Carefully examine the surface of the product. The paint must be applied evenly. Check for external damage: scratches or chips. If they are present, do not purchase such a product. Defects can lead to corrosion.

When choosing, keep in mind that the matte coating has a high degree of heat transfer compared to the glossy coating.

Battery material

Many consumers confuse bimetallic radiators with semi-metallic ones. The main difference is that the core is made of two types of metal: vertical elements of steel, horizontal elements of aluminum. The quality of the product is lower due to the content of aluminum parts, which as a result of prolonged contact with an alkaline environment corrode. Therefore check all information carefully when purchasing.

Bimetal products are indistinguishable from aluminum products in appearance and design. Therefore, always buy from a reliable source and ask for the technical documentation.

Type of connection

Connection scheme depends on the distribution of pipes in the apartment. The heating system can be one-pipe or two-pipe, vertical or horizontal. the type of connection depends on this:

When buying make sure the radiator suits the type of connection in your apartment.

Copper radiators

Radiators made of copper. high-quality devices, which in terms of central heating will serve for a long period of time. In terms of appearance radiators fit well into the interior of the room. The high cost of products is associated with the quality of metal, technical characteristics of the battery and its service life.

During prolonged use of batteries, a layer is formed on their inner surface that protects the metal from various damages and the effects of chemicals. The opening of the pipes does not narrow over time, since no lime scale is deposited on them.

Copper radiators are used for heating homes, stores, office buildings, offices and other premises. There are no restrictions on the use of this type of heating devices.

Pros of

• high thermal conductivity. Of all metals, copper is the leader in heat output (not counting gold and silver). six times higher than products made of cast iron and steel, two times. aluminum;
• does not corrode;
• long service life. up to 50 years;
• withstand temperatures up to 150 degrees;
• Pipes do not burst when thawing the heating system;
• aggressive composition of the coolant is not capable of destroying copper;
• resistance to water hammer;
• withstand pressure up to 45-50 bar;
• environmentally friendly material. On the inner and outer surface of the products metal stops the growth of bacteria.

Copper batteries can be decorated with a natural wood panel.

Disadvantages

Copper battery has the only disadvantage. high cost. Good performance characteristics correspond to the price of the product.

HELP. When installing it is not recommended to connect the copper battery with a steel pipe. You must use brass fittings or replace the pipe with copper. Otherwise the destruction of the radiator at the junction may occur.

This type of radiators is best used in apartment buildings with central heating system.

Principles of classification of radiators for apartments

Centralized heating systems usually use water heated to 95 ° C as the heating medium. It is not pure distilled but technical with dissolved salts and additives.

As a result, the material used for a radiator in the apartment should safely withstand the effects of temperature changes, moisture and impurities contained in the heat carrier for a long time.

To serve for many years, the radiator for apartment heating must:

• Withstand a working pressure of up to 9 atm (ideally 12-15 atm);
• be made of metals resistant to chemical and electrochemical corrosion;
• Have a high heat output.

Pressure in the apartment radiators varies in the area of 4-7 atm. Much depends on the number of stories in an apartment building, the temperature outside the window and the conditions of the heating system. But during pressure testing and water hammer, the pressure can rise briefly to 15 atm and higher.

All heating radiators are made of metals (aluminum or iron). only they are able to withstand the working loads generated in heating systems

Also, the radiator in question must be easy to install, have a presentable appearance and low cost. But most importantly, it must have excellent heat transfer characteristics.

The main task of the radiator is to give the heat that comes with the water pipe to the room. The more efficient it does it, the better for the owner of the apartment.

There are two main criteria for classifying heating batteries:

All other parameters are technical characteristics of a certain radiator model.

What radiators are recommended for use in central heating systems

In our country, especially in the periphery, there are big problems with the quality of the heat carrier. I am referring to the increased oxygen, all sorts of suspended solids, acidity and alkalinity, which differ from the normative values. The heaters with little sensitivity to such conditions are cast iron radiators and, to some extent, steel convectors made of thick-walled pipes. Now the most promising are fully bimetallic radiators, which can be used in any heating system.

-Are there any radiators which are not fully bimetallic??

Of course. These are the so-called semi-metallic radiators (this is the household name for radiators, where only the vertical column is made of steel, and the collectors remain aluminum). The heat carrier in such a radiator is in contact not only with steel but also with aluminum. Semi-metal radiators behave like aluminum radiators and are very sensitive to the quality of the coolant, so they can only work in the most modern heating systems with independent connection to the heating system or in individual heating systems. That is, where water circulates with known stable characteristics, different from the external network coolant. There are not many such systems in the country yet.

What are the dangers of poor quality coolant for semi-metallic and aluminum radiators??

Water in our heating systems, according to current standards, must have a pH of 8.3 to 9.5 and is designed for steel and cast iron heaters. For aluminum, however, is not suitable alkaline environment, and slightly acidic with a pH of 6.5 to 8.5. That is why semi-metallic radiators can exist in a central heating system if the pH of the heat-carrier is very narrow (from 8,3 to 8,5). No one will provide such parameters in dependent systems.

Yes, there is an interesting graph that clearly shows that the rate of corrosion of aluminum is minimal only at pH 6.5 to 8 and rather quickly increases by an order of magnitude as the pH of the heat transfer medium increases or decreases. Such a narrow range can only be maintained in modern heating systems with independent connection to the heating network or in individual heating systems.

The fact that aluminum is a unique metal. It exhibits not only basic properties like other metals, but also acidic ones, i.e. it can behave like a metalloid. In the pH range of the coolant from 6.5 to 8 the corrosion rate is minimal, because a very strong oxide film is forming on the aluminum surface. If it is present, there is no corrosion in the body of the radiator. But as the pH increases or decreases, the film begins to break down, because it is susceptible to dissolving in both acids and alkalis.

In addition, aluminum reacts with a coolant, releasing hydrogen and oxygen. Equilibrium processes of association and dissociation of water (approx. rare. т.е. the joining of hydrogen and oxygen molecules into water molecules and the decomposition of water into oxygen and hydrogen) are present in nature all the time, but aluminum is a catalyst for the decomposition of water into its constituents. As a result, the hydrogen-oxygen mixture accumulates at the top of the radiator. This process often ends in summer accidents. If the heating system is disconnected radiators suddenly explode. Even though it does not cause serious flooding of the room, but the dirt that spreads around leads to the need for new repairs. That’s why we recommend not to cut off both radiator feeds or to install fully bimetallic radiators.

A semi-metal radiator is essentially an aluminum radiator. It is superior to aluminum radiators in strength due to the use of steel vertical tubes, but is significantly inferior to bimetallic radiators in corrosion resistance. In the joints of aluminum and steel parts inside the radiator pitting and electrochemical corrosion develops. There are catastrophic situations when it eats through the thick 5-6 mm thick walls of the radiator.

In addition, the use of only a vertical steel tube in the design can lead to deterioration of the radiator. In the process of operation due to temperature fluctuations in the water can break the contact between steel and aluminum, because these metals have significantly different coefficients of thermal expansion. The thermal resistance of these sections increases, resulting in a reduced heat flow. In fully bimetallic radiators this effect is less pronounced.

It is wrong to classify semi-metallic radiators as bimetallic radiators. This type is closer to the aluminum radiators, because the contact area of the coolant with aluminum is up to 70%. Bimetallic radiators can be considered devices where water is in contact only with steel. At one time bimetallic radiators were developed to combine the advantages of cast iron or steel radiators with the heat dissipation and aesthetic properties of aluminum radiators. It was a technological breakthrough with serious technical elaboration.

Because it says everywhere that they are bimetallic. But I think that a bona fide manufacturer should clearly state this fact in the data sheet of bimetallic models. Otherwise you get a dangerous misleading of the consumer.

Naturally. In the next edition of GOST 31311 it must be clearly stated that bimetallic radiators are not allowed to have contact of coolant with aluminum. Semibimetal radiators should be called aluminum radiators with a reinforced vertical steel channel.

What radiator for heating and what is better?

The water heating system today is a common way to heat residential homes. This applies to both central systems, as well as systems with its own boiler. Low cost of radiators and components for installation, easy installation, the possibility of cutting in additional nodes, such as floor heating system or calorifiers, all this determines the continued popularity of radiator heating.

In what cases does the need to buy radiators appear? First, if you have to install the heating system from scratch. Secondly, if you need to replace old batteries that are no longer doing a good job because of corrosion, internal deposits, etc.д. To keep your home warm and comfortable, it is important to choose the right heater. Proceed not only from the amount, but also the features of the room, the pipeline and other nuances. This will be explained in more detail on the following pages. Let’s start with the main question that arises when choosing heating radiators.

Classification of heating appliances

Heating systems, differ in structure, network water parameters and internal wiring. First of all, they are classified by the location of the heat source:

• Apartment, when the boiler, working on gas fuel, it is recommended to put it in the kitchen or in a special room. Certain inconveniences and substantial investments in equipping such source, are fully compensated by the prospect of having heating with its own temperature schedule. Such a scheme is preferable because its functioning is not connected with the intra-apartment systems of the neighbors.
• Individual, when a mini-boiler room heats one house or a large housing estate. Such solutions are very popular recently and can be found both in old housing stock and in the new prestigious districts, where the residents’ association decides independently how soon to start the heating season and what temperature regime to maintain.
• Quarterly from central CHP or district boiler house. The most common heating scheme for multi-storey buildings, works according to the qualitative-quantitative method of regulation of heating networks, based on temperature regulation (quality) and network volume (quantity). The system serves a large number of consumers, in multi-storey buildings and can not always maintain the temperature inside the premises equally well.

According to the characteristics of the coolant systems are divided:

• Water network, where the heating medium is filled with water. In homes of natural heating is better to use low-temperature medium to 65 C, and in the main and quarterly heating networks, the calculated temperature mode at the supply is taken at 130-150 C, and in the return network of 70 C. At the inlet to the apartment heaters, the temperature after the elevator unit must not exceed 95C.
• Steam heating is very rare; it is usually found in departmental housing or at industrial sites, in factories with their own steam source. Parameters of steam-water mixture, depending on the saturation point at the working pressure at the steam pipeline inlet.

Piping layouts in multi-storey residential and public buildings:

• One-pipe system. network water flows in and out through a single pipe to the appliances. This method belongs to the old versions of strapping, it can be found in “Stalinkas” and “Khrushchev” buildings, and has a serious flaw. consistently installed batteries have a lower temperature, as their distance from the central heating unit. It is impossible to regulate such a system, thus objects close to them overheat and objects far away freeze. “Leningradka”. a more improved modification of the single-pipe connection scheme, provides a bypass that can adjust the performance of the battery and turn it off, in case of malfunction or for flushing.
• The two-pipe system was massively introduced in the standard design of houses and is still popular today. The supply and return heat carrier are fed through different pipes, the temperature loss, which occurs along the length, becomes almost the same across the floors in the entire house. Replacement of heating devices with another modification of the same power practically does not affect the operation of radiators at the neighbors. Batteries can be regulated by the temperature inside the room, including by means of individual automatic regulators.
• Radiant scheme is usually used for non-typical housing stock. The connection of the devices is parallel, so the mutual influence of the devices is the least. The pipes are mostly laid in the floor thus making it possible to mount the radiators in such a way that the walls are free from congestion and to connect the radiators neatly from below. The system can use a fine automatic adjustment of the amount of heat energy per room. In this scheme, the apartment receives supply and return flow, and the distribution of pipes on the contours is performed in parallel using the collector.

When selecting the device must be considered:

• Working pressure in the heating system inside the building, which directly depends on the number of floors in the building and which connection is required. Compression pressure tested annually on the network. According to SNIP it must be higher than the working pressure in 1.5 times, but not less than 0.6 MPa (6 atm).
• Mains water quality, which, according to the requirements of the operation of main networks should correspond to: pH8 9, iron no more than 0.3 mg/dm, oxygen 20 mg/dm and suspended solids 5 mg/dm.

How the radiators for the apartment should be

Requirements for radiators operating in homes with centralized heating system are set in accordance with the standard. This means that any device must work under certain conditions:

• operating pressure 15 atm (testing 25 atm) with protection against water hammer;
• Operating temperature in the range of 130 C;
• service life not less than 15 years, preferably 25 or more;
• appearance, allowing the device to be built into the interior;
• accessibility for cleaning, possibility of repair, resistance to work with the heat transfer medium containing large amounts of salts and additives, including poorly prepared water.

The radiators must be sized so that they fit into standard niches under windows and do not require a web of pipes to be laid out on the walls. Another important requirement does not apply to all heating systems, but it is gradually becoming more and more important. is the possibility of working with thermostats, and therefore, low thermal inertia, the ability to quickly heat up and cool down.

Characteristics of aluminum radiators

Radiators made of aluminum are considered one of the most popular types of radiators. Aluminum is light and flexible metal, therefore, radiators made of it have light weight and high heat emission.

The appliances consist of sections, each of which is a set of interconnected plates, which can be connected to each other. Due to this, the heat savings are also quite high.

Cast aluminum radiator section Radiator made by extrusion method

The advantages of such units are the following:

• rapid heating;
• high indicators of heat capacity;
• low weight
• affordable (especially when compared to bimetallic units);
• wide model range.

At the same time, after switching off the heating, such radiators cool down rather quickly. Other disadvantages include:

• unstable to chemical influences (the problem can be solved by polymer spraying on the inner surface);
• low strength;
• Poor quality of screw joints in the upper valve for air release from the system.

In view of this, before buying, it is necessary to find out about the operating pressure of the heating system. The limit pressure of a particular product should be seen in the technical data sheet, as. к. it varies for different models.

RADIATORS EXPLAINED How to fix balance bleed panel radiator How radiators work flow & return valves

But still in their characteristics aluminum is excellent for the manufacture of radiators, and its fusibility has allowed a significant expansion of the model range. Today you can choose exactly the radiator that will fit perfectly into the interior of the house.

ModelModelWeight, kgHorsepower, kWVolume, lPressure, bar.Dimensions, cmDistance between axes, cm

1. Rifar,	Alum 500	1,45	0,183	0,27	20	9х8х56,5	50
2. Fondital, Italy	Calidor Super-500	1,32	0,193	0,3	16	9,7x8x55,7	50
2. Rovall, (Italy)	Alux-500	1,31	0,179	0,23	20	10x8x54.5	50
3. Radiatori 20000 S.p.A.	500R	1,6	0,199	0,58	16	9,5х8х57,7	50
4. Faral	Green HP-350	1,12	0,136	0,26	16	8х8х43	35
5. Faral	ТrіoNR-500	1,58	0,212	0,5	16	9.5x8x58	50

STOUT Bravo aluminum radiators are ideal for installation in apartments and houses with individual heating. These heaters are manufactured at GLOBAL, Italy. Every stage of production is controlled by European specialists. Each section is manufactured by injection molding and is a monolith of two manifolds and fins linking the sections. Available distance between centers. 350 or 500 mm. Manufacturer’s warranty. 10 years.

Follow this link for more information: www.stout.ru.

STOUT aluminum radiators have a ten-year warranty from the manufacturer